Video capture in data capture scenario

ABSTRACT

A data capture component of a mobile device receives information for an identification of a data field in a physical document. The data capture component receives a video stream comprising a plurality of frames, wherein each frame comprises a portion of the physical document. A frame is selected from the plurality of frames in the video stream. One or more text regions in the frame are identified. Each of the identified text region(s) in the frame is processed to identify data of each of the identified text region(s) and to select data of one of the identified text region(s) that corresponds to a set of attributes associated with the data field. The selected data is then compared with data of text regions of a subsequent frame. If the data of the text regions of the subsequent frame is a closer match to the set of attributes, the selected data is updated. A display field is then provided with the selected data for presentation in a user interface.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims the benefit of priority under 35 USC 119to Russian Patent Application No. 2015145447, filed Oct. 22, 2015; thedisclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure is generally related to computer systems, andmore particularly, to facilitating data capture in video streams.

BACKGROUND

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is the electronic conversion ofscanned or photographed images of typewritten or printed text intocomputer-readable text. OCR is a common method of digitizing printedtexts so that they can be electronically edited, searched, displayedon-line, and used in processes such as text-to-speech, data extraction,and text mining. Some commercial OCR systems are capable of reproducingformatted output that closely approximates the original scanned pageincluding images, columns, and other non-textual components. Specializeddata entry systems can permit a user to scan a physical document, whichmay be subsequently submitted for OCR and processed to identifymeaningful fields in targeted portions of the document.

SUMMARY

In accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure, a datacapture component of a mobile device may receive information for anidentification of a data field in a physical document. The data capturecomponent may receive a video stream comprising a plurality of frames,wherein each frame comprises a portion of the physical document. A framemay be selected from the plurality of frames in the video stream. One ormore text regions in the frame may be identified. Each of the identifiedtext region(s) in the frame may be processed to identify data of each ofthe identified text region(s) and to select one of the identified textregion(s) whose data corresponds to a set of attributes associated withthe data field. The selected data may then be compared with data of textregions of a subsequent frame. If the data of the text regions of thesubsequent frame is a closer match to the set of attributes, theselected data may be updated. A display field may then be provided withthe selected data for presentation in a user interface.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure is illustrated by way of example, and not by wayof limitation, and can be more fully understood with reference to thefollowing detailed description when considered in connection with thefigures in which:

FIG. 1 depicts a high-level component diagram of an example computingdevice architecture, in accordance with one or more aspects of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 2 depicts an example of a graphical user interface (GUI) of amobile device for video capture in a data capture scenario, inaccordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 depicts a flow diagram of a method for video capture in a datacapture scenario, in accordance with one or more aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 4 depicts a flow diagram of a method for processing text regions ina frame, in accordance with one or more aspects of the presentdisclosure

FIG. 5 depicts a flow diagram of a method for updating data of anidentified text region with data from subsequent frames, in accordancewith one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 depicts a block diagram of an illustrative computer systemoperating in accordance with examples of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Described herein are methods and systems for video capture in a datacapture scenario. Specialized data entry systems can permit a user toscan a physical document, which may be subsequently submitted for OCRand processed to identify meaningful fields in targeted portions of thedocument. However, these types of systems can be cumbersome since theyoften require one or more personal computers, one or more scanningdevices, OCR or data capture software, and digital templates. Digitaltemplate generation can require a specialized skill set that may not bereadily available, and possibly expensive. The equipment, software, andtemplate generation can prove to be cost prohibitive to implement.Moreover, the hardware required to implement such a system is notfeasible for users that rely on mobility in processing documents (e.g.,insurance claim processing, sales, expense reports, etc.).

Aspects of the present disclosure address the above noted and otherdeficiencies by implementing a flexible, lower cost alternative platformto capture data from physical documents using mobile devices (e.g.,smart phones, tablet computers, etc.). Data may be captured from datafields on physical documents (forms, questionnaires, financialdocuments, etc.) using mobile devices with built-in cameras, processedusing OCR, and either stored locally or sent to remote databases allwithin an application executing on the mobile device. Data fields on aphysical document may be targeted using the viewfinder of the built-incamera, and may be immediately seen and verified on the screen of themobile device by a user operating the mobile device. Multiple datafields of the physical document can be captured in a video stream, andeach frame of the stream may be analyzed to compare all identified textregions in each frame of the stream to identify the best match for aparticular target data field in a physical document.

In an illustrative example, a computer system implementing the methodsdescribed herein may present a user interface assisting a user withidentifying a target data field in a physical document. The userinterface may be invoked by a data capture component that executes on amobile device. The data capture component may be a mobile application(or part of a mobile application) installed on a mobile device thatincludes a camera capable of receiving a video stream such as a mobilephone, personal data assistant (PDA), camera, video camera, laptopcomputer, etc. For example, a user may launch an application on acamera-equipped mobile phone, and a user interface may subsequently bepresented that assists the user with identifying a target field whosedata should be recognized. In an illustrative example, the userinterface may present a graphical indicator on the screen of the mobiledevice (e.g., crosshairs, a target icon, etc.) to direct the user topoint the crosshair of the mobile device viewfinder at a particular datafield of the document to be captured. In another illustrative example,the user interface may present a message instructing the user to pointthe crosshair on the particular data field in the physical document.

The data capture component may be configured to process particular typesof documents (payment documents, letters of association, etc.) and couldinclude a list of document fields containing the data to entry (e.g.,Company Name, Bank Identification Code, Account Number, Reason forPayment, Payment Sum) as well as the type of data common for each field(e.g., Address, Time, Date, Cash Amount, Name, Code, Text, Number,etc.), the number of character spaces, additional data control rulesenabling verification of the recognized field data (e.g., dictionaries,regular expressions, check sums, etc.), or the like. In an illustrativeexample, the data capture component may be configured for processing aspecific document type. Alternatively, the data capture component may beconfigured to process several document types, requesting the documenttype from the user via a user interface when the component is activated(e.g., when an application is launched on a mobile phone). The datacapture component may also be configured to receive supported documenttypes from a server. The data capture component may determine thedocument to be processed (e.g., via a specific user request, locationinformation, application context information, etc.), send a request to aserver for the fields common for the type of the requested document, andstore the information on the mobile device to process the document.

In addition to causing the presentation of the user interface assistingthe user with the identification of the target data field, the datacapture component may also activate the camera of the mobile device(e.g., prior to the presentation of the user interface, during thepresentation of the user interface, etc.). The data capture componentmay then receive a video stream from the camera of the mobile device.The video stream may be made up of multiple frames, where each frame mayinclude a portion of the physical document containing the target datafield. A frame can include content (e.g., an image) displayed on thescreen of the mobile device and can be produced using the cameraviewfinder. The frame can be transmitted in real time without recordingthe video, capturing the image, or storing the image in memory or apersistent data store. The viewfinder may support real time transfer ofthe video data from the mobile device camera to its display. As noted inthe example above, the user may be directed to point the crosshair ofthe mobile device viewfinder at the target data field.

The data capture component may subsequently select a frame from themultiple frames in the video stream. In some implementations, the framesmay be selected for processing in the mobile device at a predeterminedrate. For example, the frames may be selected from the video stream at arate of every 10th frame per second. Alternatively, other rates may beused (e.g., every first, second, fourth, sixth frame per second, etc.).Additionally, a frame may be selected if the mobile device camera isfocused on the object to be captured (e.g., the portion of the physicaldocument potentially containing the data field) for a certain period oftime (e.g., ½ second, one second, two seconds, etc.).

Once a frame has been selected, the data capture component may thenanalyze the frame to identify one or more text regions present in theframe. In some implementations, the data capture component may thendetermine data of each of the text regions. The data of each identifiedtext region may include the text data (a result of OCR of the textregion) and attribute values for the text data. The data capturecomponent may then analyze the data of each of the text regions in theimage frame to identify the text region whose data corresponds to a setof attributes associated with the data field (or description of the datafield). Text regions may be identified, for example, by usingidentification of connected components (elementary objects built by themeeting points of the image of the same chromaticity) and subsequentlygrouping them into potential words. Alternatively, the text regions maybe identified using any similar method of text detection in images.

The data capture component may then determine the text data of each ofthe identified text regions in the frame using optical characterrecognition (OCR). The image of the text region can thus be convertedinto text data (e.g., sequences of codes used to represent thecharacters on a computer/a mobile device). The resulting text data mayinclude a hypothesis for each character as well as the location of eachcharacter in the frame (e.g., the coordinates of each character withinthe frame). Additionally, each character may be assigned a confidencelevel of the hypothesis for each character according to a predeterminedset of rules in order to limit false recognition. The confidence levelmay represent a predetermined difference between confidently andunconfidently recognized characters. If the confidence level of acharacter meets a predetermined confidence threshold condition, thecharacter may be designated as “confidently recognized.” If theconfidence level of a character does not meet the predeterminedconfidence threshold condition, the data capture component may generatea message asking for confirmation of the recognized character. In someimplementations, the threshold condition may be configured higher orlower to adjust the number of characters that may require verification.

The data capture component may also identify the set of attributesassociated with the target data field in the physical document. Theattributes can include rules, features, or characteristics associatedwith the target data field to assist the data capture component withidentifying the text region in the frame whose data most closely matchesthe target data field of the physical document. In an illustrativeexample, an attribute may include the type of data to be captured (e.g.,a property of the field data such as numerical data, textual data,customer name, social security number, etc.). For example, if the targetfield in the physical document is a date field, any identified textregions within the frame may be compared to a date format (e.g.,mm/dd/yyyy, dd/mm/yyyy, yyyy/mm, etc.) to determine if any of the textregions within the frame contain a valid date.

In another illustrative example, an attribute may be the proximity tothe viewfinder crosshair. In some implementations, the display ofcrosshairs (or an equivalent graphical indicator) in the viewfinder canbe used to assist a user with identifying the target data field of thephysical document. Accordingly, the closer an identified text region inthe frame is to the location of the crosshair in the viewfinder of themobile device camera, the higher the probability that the identifiedtext region matches the target data field of the physical document.

In another illustrative example, attributes may include additional datavalidation rules. The data validation rules may include certainconditions applied to data of fields and automatically checked by thedata capture component. Examples of the data verification rules arechecking the text data against databases (e.g., a dictionary of names,dictionary of bank identifier codes, etc.), comparing the text dataagainst the lists of known valid values. Additionally, text data fromseveral text regions may be compared as well. For example, if a documentcontains several numeric fields as well as their associated sum, a datavalidation rule may be used to independently recalculate the sum ofrecognized data of all applicable identified text regions and comparethe result with the recognized data of the appropriate text region.

In another illustrative example, an attribute may include the quality ofcharacter recognition within the text region. In some implementations,the quality of recognition may be measured by the number ofunconfidently recognized characters (as described above). The greaterthe number of unconfidently recognized characters, the lower the qualityof recognition for the text region. Similarly, the lower the number ofunconfidently recognized characters, the higher the quality ofrecognition for the text region.

In another illustrative example, an attribute may include the number oftimes a particular text region is identified as a closer match to thetarget data field by the data capture component and displayed in theuser interface as described in further detail below. If a particulartext region has been identified as the closer match to the target datafield in a few processed frames, but has not been confirmed by a uservia the user interface, the data capture component may determine thatthe identified text region does not match the data field. If the numberof received image frames exceeds a threshold value, the data capturecomponent may attempt to display a text region that is identified asless of a match to the target data field. For example, the data capturecomponent may request a particular price field where there are multipleprice fields in the frame. If one price field is identified in the framebased on its proximity to the crosshairs of the view finder in tensubsequent frames without being confirmed by a user, the data capturecomponent may attempt to identify a different price field present in theframe.

In another illustrative example, an attribute may include a data formatsuch as an acronym format or quotation marks. For example, if the textregion contains a “Co.” in the text data, the data capture component maydetermine the text region to be a company name. Additionally, the dataformat may include line spaces above and below the text region, dividinglines (vertical or horizontal lines that may indicate a field in atable), or similar formatting indicators that may be present in aphysical document.

Although several illustrative examples of attributes have been describedabove, it should be noted that other types of attributes may be used.Once the data capture component has identified the attributes associatedwith the data field, the values for the set of attributes may then bedetermined for the text data of each text region in the frame.Additionally, each attribute may be assigned a weight that can indicateits relative importance in identifying a text region that may match thetarget data field. For example, the proximity of the text region to thecrosshairs may be assigned a greater weight since it would be expectedthat a user would place the crosshairs over the target data field of thephysical document while the camera is receiving the video stream.Alternatively, the data format may be given a greater weight than theone assigned based on the proximity to the crosshairs if a large numberof text regions are present in the frame, only one of which appears tohave the proper format.

The data capture component may determine the attribute weight for eachattribute value and subsequently determine a total attribute weight fortext data of each of the text regions by summing the weights for theindividual attribute values associated with text data of each of thetext regions. In some implementations, the text data, the attributevalues and their corresponding weights may be stored for later use incomparing data of text regions of other subsequently received frames.The data capture component may then identify the data of the text regionassociated with the total attribute weight having the largest value whencompared to the total attribute weights of the data of the otheridentified text regions in the frame. The data of the identified textregion with the greatest total attribute weight may then be selected asthe text region data that most closely matches the target data fieldfrom the physical document (e.g., the “best” possible match for thereceived frame).

The data capture component may then store the selected text data andassociated attributes of the identified text region as a candidate forthe closest match. The data capture component may additionally store thetext data and attributes of each additional text region identified inthe frame. The data capture component may store this information in adata store for use in comparing information from previously received aswell as subsequently received frames from the video stream. The datastore may be persistent storage on a mobile device, memory of a mobiledevice, or network attached storage of a server. In someimplementations, the data capture component may use the informationstored in the data store to compare the text data of the identified textregion with the text data of the respective text region of all framesreceived from the video stream.

Once the data capture component has identified a text region within thereceived frame whose data corresponds to the set of attributesassociated with the target data field (e.g., is the best possible matchto the data field), the data of the matching text region may bedisplayed in a display field of the user interface to be verified by theuser. For example, the data of the matching text region may be displayedat the bottom of the display of a mobile phone beneath the viewfindercontaining the crosshair. The user may verify that the data of theidentified text region matches the target data field by providing userinput indicating a confirmation in the user interface. The confirmationmay be indicated by entering a touch screen command (e.g., pressing adisplay button on the screen), selecting a menu option, entering a voicecommand, or in any other manner.

In some implementations, the above process may be repeated forsubsequently received frames in the video stream. The data capturecomponent may then compare the data of the identified text region withthe data of text regions of a subsequently received frame to determineif the subsequent frame contains a text region that is a closer match tothe target data field than that in the previously received frame. Thecomparison of text regions from different frames can provide the abilityto identify a text region that closely matches a target data field evenif, for a particular frame, the viewfinder crosshairs may be pointed ata neighboring data field in the physical document rather than the targetdata field.

In some implementations, a text region that is identified in subsequentframes may be compared to the same text region of previous frames toidentify the better image capture and data field recognition resultsamong all of the received frames in the video stream.

To compare the data of the identified text region with the data of therespective text region of a subsequently received frame from the videostream, the data capture component may first select a subsequentlyreceived frame from the video stream. The subsequently received framemay be the next frame in the video stream. Alternatively, thesubsequently received frame may be determined using the predeterminedrate as described above (e.g., every second, fourth, sixth frame persecond, etc.).

In some implementations, the data capture component may determine anoffset between the previously selected frame and the subsequentlyreceived frame. The offset may be the difference between the coordinatesof the identified text region of the previously selected frame and thecoordinates of the respective text region of the subsequently receivedframe. Alternatively, the offset may be the difference between thecoordinates of any text region that appears in both the previouslyselected frame and the subsequently received frame. The offset betweentwo consecutively received frames may be computed, for example, using agyroscope component of the mobile device.

The data capture component may then identify the respective text regionof the subsequently received frame from the video stream. In someimplementations, the respective text region may be identified byrepeating the identification process described above. Alternatively, thedata capture component may utilize the coordinates of the text region inthe first frame and the offset between the first frame and thesubsequently received frame to identify the respective text region inthe subsequent frame (e.g., to identify the same text region in thesubsequent frame). The data capture component may then determine thetotal attribute weight for the set of attributes associated with therespective text region, and compare the total attribute weights of thetwo text regions to determine which text region's data is the bettermatch to the target data field.

In some implementations, the data capture component may additionallycompare the data of the text region from the first frame and the data ofthe respective text region from the subsequent frame character bycharacter. The same characters (e.g., the character in the same positionfor each of the text regions) may be compared using the confidence levelfor the character as determined during the OCR process described above.If the confidence level of the character recognition from the subsequentframe is higher than that of the previously selected frame, the textdata recognized in respective text region of the subsequently receivedframe may replace the text data of the text region in the previouslyselected frame. This process may be repeated for each character in atext region to determine the text data that most accurately representsthe data of the targeted data field.

In some implementations, the data capture component may additionallyconsider the number of times the same character has been recognized fora corresponding text region between frames. Thus, if the same characterhas been recognized with the same result in several previous frames, andonly in subsequent frame with a different result, the data capturecomponent may consider this to be an error in character recognition anddiscard the dissimilar character from consideration. Thus, the characterthat is recognized with the same result multiple times may be retainedas the best matching character (e.g., the character that most closelymatches the character in the same position of the target data field)regardless of the confidence level for the character. The data capturecomponent may store this information, as well as other statisticalinformation related to the character recognition, in a data store to beused to compare against the data from subsequent frames.

If the data capture component determines that the data of the respectivetext region of the subsequently received frame is a closer match to thetarget data field in view of the set of attributes associated with thetarget data field, the data of the identified text region from theprevious frame may be updated or replaced. In some implementations, thedata capture component may first determine that the value of the totalattribute weight for the respective text region is greater than thevalue of the total attribute weight for the selected text region fromthe previous frame. The data capture component may then replace the dataof the selected text region with the data of the respective text region,and subsequently store the data of the respective text region in thedata store as the content that is a closer match to the target datafield. In some implementations, processing logic may store the data ofthe respective text region in the memory of a mobile device.Alternatively, processing logic may store the data of the respectivetext region in persistent storage of a mobile device.

The data capture component may then provide a display field thatincludes the data of the identified text region for presentation in theuser interface. Thus, each frame received by the data capture componentcan further clarify the text data in the frame that most closely matchesthe data field from the physical document. The display field can becontinuously updated with the processing of each subsequently receivedframe from the video stream until the user confirms that the text datain the display field is the correct data.

As noted above, the user may confirm the correctness of data byproviding input in the user interface. For example, the user may press abutton on the application user interface. The data capture component maythen receive a confirmation from the user that indicates that the dataof the identified text region in the display field matches the datafield of the physical document. If the data does not match, the user maycontinue to point the viewfinder crosshair at the target data field torepeat the process. If the data capture component has not received aconfirmation within a period of time that meets a predeterminedthreshold, the process may automatically select the next frame forprocessing. If the data capture component is unable to determine theexact match for the data field, the user may skip any further attemptsto identify the target data field, and enter the text data manually.

The data of the identified text region may then be stored in a datastore as the correct data. In some implementations, processing logic maystore the text data of the identified text region in local persistentstorage on a mobile device. Alternatively, processing logic may send thedata of the identified text region to a server to be stored in adatabase or network attached data store. The data capture component maythen repeat the entire process for any additional data fields in thephysical document that need to be captured. Once all data fields havebeen identified and the verified data stored, the data collected for allof the fields may be stored as a single collection for later use byanother application on the mobile device. Alternatively, the datacollection may be sent to a server for processing by another applicationor system.

Aspects of the present disclosure are thus capable of eliminating theneed for preliminary digital template generation and equipment forspecialized data entry from physical documents. More particularly,aspects of the present disclosure can conveniently capture, recognize,and verify data fields of a physical document using a video stream of amobile device.

FIG. 1 depicts a high-level component diagram of an example computingdevice architecture in accordance with one or more aspects of thepresent disclosure. In illustrative examples, computing device 100 maybe provided by various computing devices including a tablet computer, asmart phone, a notebook computer, a camera, a video camera, or the like.

Computing device 100 may comprise a processor 110 coupled to a systembus 120. Other devices coupled to system bus 120 may include memory 130,display 135 equipped with a touch screen input device 170, keyboard 140,network interface 160, and optical input device 150. The term “coupled”herein shall include both electrically connected and communicativelycoupled via one or more interface devices, adapters, or the like.

Processor 110 may be provided by one or more processing devicesincluding general purpose and/or specialized processors. Memory 130 maycomprise one or more volatile memory devices (for example, RAM chips),one or more non-volatile memory devices (for example, ROM or EEPROMchips), and/or one or more storage memory devices (for example, opticalor magnetic disks). Optical input device 150 may be and/or include oneor more cameras, scanners, barcode readers, and/or any other device thatis capable of generating images of a document.

In certain implementations, computing device 100 may comprise a touchscreen input device 170 represented by a touch-sensitive input areaand/or presence-sensitive surface overlaid over display 135. An exampleof a computing device implementing aspects of the present disclosurewill be discussed in more detail below with reference to FIG. 6.

In certain implementations, memory 130 may store instructions of a datacapture module 190 for facilitating video capture in a data capturescenario, as described above and in further detail below with respect toFIGS. 3-6. In an illustrative example, data capture module 190 may beimplemented as a function to be invoked via a user interface of anotherapplication (e.g., a document scanning application). Alternatively, datacapture module 190 may be implemented as a stand-alone application.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a graphical user interface (GUI) of amobile device 220 for video capture in a data capture scenario. The GUIof mobile device 220 may be presented by a stand-alone application, acomponent of a user interface for document manager, or in any othermanner. For example, the GUI of mobile device 220 may be presented to auser by data capture module 190 of FIG. 1 as described in detail belowwith respect to FIGS. 3-6.

Mobile device 220 may include an application configured to captureinvoice 210 using the mobile device's camera. As illustrated in FIG. 2,the application may cause a GUI to be presented on mobile device 220 toassist the user with the identification of the subtotal field of invoice210. The application may then activate the camera to begin receivingframes of a video stream through the camera of mobile device 220. Theframes of the video stream may be displayed to the user via display 230.Crosshair 240 may be presented by the application in the display as avisual aid to assist the user in identifying the target data field (inthis case the subtotal field) of invoice 210. The text regions of thereceived frame shown in the display may be identified. Data of theidentified text regions may be determined and analyzed, and data of theidentified text region 250 may be selected as the data that matches thesubtotal field based on attributes associated with the subtotal datafield in the application configuration. The application may then presentthe data of the identified text region 250 in display field 260 for userconfirmation. The user may confirm the data in display field 260 byselecting the “Done” button shown on the display of mobile device 220.

FIG. 3 depicts a flow diagram of an example method 300 for video capturein a data capture scenario. The method may be performed by processinglogic that may comprise hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.),software (such as is run on a general purpose computer system or adedicated machine), or a combination of both. In one illustrativeexample, method 300 may be performed by data capture module 190 inFIG. 1. Alternatively, some or all of method 300 might be performed byanother module or machine. It should be noted that blocks depicted inFIG. 3 could be performed simultaneously or in a different order thanthat depicted.

At block 301, processing logic can receive information foridentification of a data field in a physical document. The informationmay include the name of the field containing the data (e.g., CompanyName, Bank Identification Code, Account Number, Reason for Payment,Payment Sum), as well as the type of data common for the field (e.g.,Address, Time, Date, Cash Amount, Name, Code, Text, Number, etc.), thenumber of character spaces, additional data control rules enablingverification of the recognized field data (e.g., dictionaries, regularexpressions, check sums, etc.), or the like. For example, a user maylaunch an application on a camera-equipped mobile phone, and processinglogic may receive the information for identification of the data fieldin the physical document. Subsequently, based on the receivedinformation, processing logic may invoke a user interface on the mobilephone to assist the user with identifying the data field in the physicaldocument. In an illustrative example, the user interface may present agraphical indicator on the screen of the mobile device (e.g.,crosshairs, a target icon, etc.) to assist a user with identifying thedata field in the physical document. Processing logic may direct theuser to point the crosshair of the mobile device viewfinder at aparticular data field of the document to be captured.

At block 302, processing logic can receive a video stream (e.g., afterthe user activates the camera of the user device). The video stream maybe made up of multiple frames, where each frame may include a portion ofthe physical document containing the data field of the document. A framecan include content (e.g., an image) displayed on the screen of themobile device produced using the camera viewfinder. The frame can betransmitted in real time without recording the video, capturing theimage, or storing the image in memory or a persistent data store. Theviewfinder may support real time transfer of the video data from themobile device camera to its display, showing the image captured.

At block 303, processing logic can select a frame from the plurality offrames in the video stream. In some implementations, the framespresented in the mobile device viewfinder can be selected at apredetermined rate. For example, the frames may be selected from thevideo stream at a rate of every 10th frame per second. Alternatively,other rates may be used (e.g., every first, second, fourth, sixth frameper second, etc.). Additionally, an frame may be selected if the mobiledevice camera is focused on the object to be captured (e.g., the portionof the physical document containing the data field) for a certain periodof time (e.g., ½ second, one second, two seconds, etc.).

At block 304, processing logic can analyze the frame to identify one ormore text regions in the frame. Text regions may be detected, forexample, using identification of connected components and subsequentlygrouping them into potential words. Alternatively, the text regions maybe detected using any similar method of the text regions detection inthe images.

At block 305, processing logic may process the identified text regions.To process the identified text regions, processing logic may determinethe data of each identified text region (e.g., using OCR). The data ofeach identified text region may include text data (a result of OCR ofthe text region) and attribute values for the text data. Then processinglogic may analyze the data of identified text regions in the frame toselect the text region whose data corresponds to the set of attributesassociated with the data field. In an illustrative example, processinglogic may process the text regions as described below with respect toFIG. 4.

At block 306, processing logic can compare the data of the identifiedtext region, that corresponds to the set of attributes associated withthe target data field, with data of text region(s) of a subsequentlyreceived frame. Processing logic can make this comparison to determinewhether the subsequent frame contains a text region whose data is acloser match to the target data field than that in the previouslyreceived frame. At block 307, processing logic can update the data ofthe identified text region, that corresponds to the set of attributesassociated with the target data field, if the data of the text region(s)of the subsequently received frame is a closer match to the target fieldin view of the set of attributes. In an illustrative example, processinglogic may compare the data of the additional text regions from aprevious frame with the data of the respective text region(s) from thesubsequent frame and update the data of the additional identified textregion(s) as described below with respect to FIG. 5. “Additional” isreferred to all identified text regions except the one whose data iscurrently considered as a candidate for the closest match.

At block 308, processing logic can display the data of the identifiedtext region, that corresponds to set of attributes of target data field,in the user interface. The displayed data is the best match for thetarget data field (e.g., based on a corresponding total attributeweight). The data in the display field can be continuously updated withthe processing of each subsequently received frame from the video streamuntil such time as the user confirms that the data in the display fieldis the correct data.

At block 309, processing logic can receive a user confirmation via theuser interface that indicates that the data of the identified textregion in the display field matches the data field of the physicaldocument. For example, the user may press a button on the applicationuser interface. At block 310, processing logic can store the data of theidentified text region in a data store. In some implementations,processing logic may store the data of the identified text region inlocal persistent storage on a mobile device. Alternatively, processinglogic may send the data of the identified text region to a server to bestored in a database or network attached data store. After block 310,the method of FIG. 3 terminates.

FIG. 4 depicts a flow diagram of an example method 400 for processingthe data of text regions in a frame. The method may be performed byprocessing logic that may comprise hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic,etc.), software (such as is run on a general purpose computer system ora dedicated machine), or a combination of both. In one illustrativeexample, method 400 may be performed by data capture module 190 inFIG. 1. Alternatively, some or all of method 400 might be performed byanother module or machine. It should be noted that blocks depicted inFIG. 4 could be performed simultaneously or in a different order thanthat depicted.

At block 401, processing logic can determine text data of each textregion using OCR. The image of the text region can thus be convertedinto text data (e.g., a string of codes used to represent the charactersof the text region). The resulting text data may include a hypothesisfor each character, hypothesis's confidence level, as well as thelocation of each character in the frame (e.g., the coordinates of thetext within the frame).

At block 402, processing logic can determine attribute values for theset of attributes for text data of each text region in the frame. Atblock 403, processing logic can determine an attribute weight for eachattribute value. The weight value can indicate the attribute's relativeimportance in identifying a text region whose data may match thetargeted data field. For example, the proximity of the text region tothe crosshairs may be assigned a greater weight since it would beexpected that a user would place the crosshairs over the targeted datafield of the physical document while the camera is receiving the videostream. Alternatively, the data format may be given greater weight thanproximity if a large number of text regions are present in the frame,only one of which appears to have the proper format.

At block 404, processing logic can determine a total attribute weightfor each set of attribute values. The total attribute weight may bedetermined by summing the weights for the individual attribute valuesassociated with each of the text regions. At block 405, processing logiccan select data of a text region associated with the total attributeweight having the largest value (e.g., having the top value). Theidentified text region with the greatest total attribute weight may thenbe selected as the text region that most closely matches the targeteddata field from the physical document (e.g., the “best” possible matchfor the received frame). At block 406, processing logic may then storethe selected text data and associated attributes of the identified textregion as a candidate for the closest match. At block 408, processinglogic may store the text data and attributes of each additional textregion identified in the frame. At blocks 406 and 407, processing logicmay store the information in a data store for use in comparinginformation from previously received as well as subsequently receivedframes from the video stream. The data store may comprise persistentstorage on a mobile device, memory of a mobile device, or networkattached storage of a server communicating with a mobile device. Afterblock 407, the method of FIG. 4 terminates.

FIG. 5 depicts a flow diagram of an example method 500 for updating dataof one or more identified text regions with data of one or morerespective text regions from subsequent frames. The method may beperformed by processing logic that may comprise hardware (circuitry,dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as is run on a general purposecomputer system or a dedicated machine), or a combination of both. Inone illustrative example, method 500 may be performed by data capturemodule 190 in FIG. 1. Alternatively, some or all of method 500 might beperformed by another module or machine. It should be noted that blocksdepicted in FIG. 5 could be performed simultaneously or in a differentorder than that depicted.

At block 501, processing logic can select a subsequently received framefrom the video stream. The subsequently received frame may be the nextframe in the video stream. Alternatively, the subsequently receivedframe may be determined using their rate (e.g., every second, fourth,sixth frame per second, etc.).

At block 502, processing logic can identify a respective text region(s)of the subsequently received video frame. In some implementations, therespective text region(s) may be identified by repeating theidentification process described above with respect to FIG. 3.Alternatively, processing logic may utilize the coordinates of eachidentified text region in the first frame and the offset between thefirst frame and the subsequently received frame to identify therespective text region in the subsequent frame (e.g., to identify thesame text region in the subsequent frame).

At block 503, processing logic can determine, for each respective textregion, the total attribute weight for the set of attributes associatedwith the respective text region. At block 504, processing logic cancompare, for each identified text region from the previous frame, thetotal attribute weight for the respective text region with the totalattribute weight for the identified text region from the previous frame.At block 506, processing logic can replace, for each identified textregion from the previous frame, the data of the identified text regionwith the data of the respective text region if the value of the totalattribute weight for the respective text region is greater than thevalue of the total attribute weight for the selected text region fromthe previous frame, as determined at block 505. At block 507, processinglogic can store the data of the respective text region(s) in a datastore. In some implementations, processing logic may store the data ofthe respective text region(s) in the memory of a mobile device.Alternatively, processing logic may store the data of the respectivetext region(s) in persistent storage of a mobile device. After block507, the method of FIG. 5 terminates.

FIG. 6 depicts an example computer system 600 which can perform any oneor more of the methods described herein. In one example, computer system600 may correspond to computing device 100 of FIG. 1. The computersystem may be connected (e.g., networked) to other computer systems in aLAN, an intranet, an extranet, or the Internet. The computer system mayoperate in the capacity of a server in a client-server networkenvironment. The computer system may be a personal computer (PC), atablet computer, a set-top box (STB), a personal Digital Assistant(PDA), a mobile phone, a camera, a video camera, or any device capableof executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) thatspecify actions to be taken by that device. Further, while only a singlecomputer system is illustrated, the term “computer” shall also be takento include any collection of computers that individually or jointlyexecute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one ormore of the methods discussed herein.

The exemplary computer system 600 includes a processing device 602, amain memory 604 (e.g., read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, dynamicrandom access memory (DRAM) such as synchronous DRAM (SDRAM)), a staticmemory 606 (e.g., flash memory, static random access memory (SRAM)), anda data storage device 616, which communicate with each other via a bus608.

Processing device 602 represents one or more general-purpose processingdevices such as a microprocessor, central processing unit, or the like.More particularly, the processing device 602 may be a complexinstruction set computing (CISC) microprocessor, reduced instruction setcomputing (RISC) microprocessor, very long instruction word (VLIW)microprocessor, or a processor implementing other instruction sets orprocessors implementing a combination of instruction sets. Theprocessing device 602 may also be one or more special-purpose processingdevices such as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), afield programmable gate array (FPGA), a digital signal processor (DSP),network processor, or the like. The processing device 602 is configuredto data capture module 626 for performing the operations and stepsdiscussed herein (e.g., corresponding to the methods of FIGS. 3-5,etc.).

The computer system 600 may further include a network interface device622. The computer system 600 also may include a video display unit 610(e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), analphanumeric input device 612 (e.g., a keyboard), a cursor controldevice 614 (e.g., a mouse), and a signal generation device 620 (e.g., aspeaker). In one illustrative example, the video display unit 610, thealphanumeric input device 612, and the cursor control device 614 may becombined into a single component or device (e.g., an LCD touch screen).

The data storage device 616 may include a computer-readable medium 624on which is stored data capture module 626 (e.g., corresponding to themethods of FIGS. 3-5, etc.) embodying any one or more of themethodologies or functions described herein. Data capture module 626 mayalso reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory604 and/or within the processing device 602 during execution thereof bythe computer system 600, the main memory 604 and the processing device602 also constituting computer-readable media. Data capture module 626may further be transmitted or received over a network via the networkinterface device 622.

While the computer-readable storage medium 624 is shown in theillustrative examples to be a single medium, the term “computer-readablestorage medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiplemedia (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associatedcaches and servers) that store the one or more sets of instructions. Theterm “computer-readable storage medium” shall also be taken to includeany medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying a set ofinstructions for execution by the machine and that cause the machine toperform any one or more of the methodologies of the present invention.The term “computer-readable storage medium” shall accordingly be takento include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, optical media,and magnetic media.

Although the operations of the methods herein are shown and described ina particular order, the order of the operations of each method may bealtered so that certain operations may be performed in an inverse orderor so that certain operation may be performed, at least in part,concurrently with other operations. In certain implementations,instructions or sub-operations of distinct operations may be in anintermittent and/or alternating manner.

It is to be understood that the above description is intended to beillustrative, and not restrictive. Many other implementations will beapparent to those of skill in the art upon reading and understanding theabove description. The scope of the invention should, therefore, bedetermined with reference to the appended claims, along with the fullscope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

In the above description, numerous details are set forth. It will beapparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present inventionmay be practiced without these specific details. In some instances,well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form,rather than in detail, in order to avoid obscuring the presentinvention.

Some portions of the detailed descriptions above are presented in termsof algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on data bitswithin a computer memory. These algorithmic descriptions andrepresentations are the means used by those skilled in the dataprocessing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their workto others skilled in the art. An algorithm is here, and generally,conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of steps leading to a desiredresult. The steps are those requiring physical manipulations of physicalquantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take theform of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored,transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. It hasproven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, torefer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters,terms, numbers, or the like.

It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar termsare to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and aremerely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unlessspecifically stated otherwise, as apparent from the followingdiscussion, it is appreciated that throughout the description,discussions utilizing terms such as “sending,” “receiving,” “selecting,”“analyzing,” “comparing,” “updating,” “providing,” “identifying,” or thelike, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similarelectronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms datarepresented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computersystem's registers and memories into other data similarly represented asphysical quantities within the computer system memories or registers orother such information storage, transmission or display devices.

The present invention also relates to an apparatus for performing theoperations herein. This apparatus may be specially constructed for therequired purposes, or it may comprise a general purpose computerselectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored inthe computer. Such a computer program may be stored in a computerreadable storage medium, such as, but not limited to, any type of diskincluding floppy disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, and magnetic-opticaldisks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), EPROMs,EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards, or any type of media suitable forstoring electronic instructions, each coupled to a computer system bus.

The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently relatedto any particular computer or other apparatus. Various general purposesystems may be used with programs in accordance with the teachingsherein, or it may prove convenient to construct more specializedapparatus to perform the required method steps. The required structurefor a variety of these systems will appear as set forth in thedescription below. In addition, the present invention is not describedwith reference to any particular programming language. It will beappreciated that a variety of programming languages may be used toimplement the teachings of the invention as described herein.

The present invention may be provided as a computer program product, orsoftware, that may include a machine-readable medium having storedthereon instructions, which may be used to program a computer system (orother electronic devices) to perform a process according to the presentinvention. A machine-readable medium includes any mechanism for storingor transmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., acomputer). For example, a machine-readable (e.g., computer-readable)medium includes a machine (e.g., a computer) readable storage medium(e.g., read only memory (“ROM”), random access memory (“RAM”), magneticdisk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices, etc.).

The words “example” or “exemplary” are used herein to mean serving as anexample, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design describedherein as “example” or “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed aspreferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs. Rather, use ofthe words “example” or “exemplary” is intended to present concepts in aconcrete fashion. As used in this application, the term “or” is intendedto mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or”. That is, unlessspecified otherwise, or clear from context, “X includes A or B” isintended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, ifX includes A; X includes B; or X includes both A and B, then “X includesA or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoing instances. In addition,the articles “a” and “an” as used in this application and the appendedclaims should generally be construed to mean “one or more” unlessspecified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singularform. Moreover, use of the term “an embodiment” or “one embodiment” or“an implementation” or “one implementation” throughout is not intendedto mean the same embodiment or implementation unless described as such.Furthermore, the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc. asused herein are meant as labels to distinguish among different elementsand may not necessarily have an ordinal meaning according to theirnumerical designation.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: receiving, by a processingdevice, information for an identification of a data field in a physicaldocument; receiving, by the processing device, a video stream comprisinga plurality of frames, wherein each frame comprises a portion of thephysical document; selecting, by the processing device, a frame from theplurality of frames in the video stream; identifying, by the processingdevice, one or more text regions in the selected frame; processing, bythe processing device, each of the one or more identified text regionsof the selected frame to determine data of each of the one or moreidentified text regions of the selected frame, and to select data of oneof the one or more identified text regions that corresponds to a set ofattributes associated with the data field; comparing, by the processingdevice, the data of the one of the one or more identified text regionsof the selected frame with data of one or more text regions of asubsequent frame; updating, by the processing device, the data of theone of the one or more identified text regions of the selected frame ifthe data of the one or more text regions of the subsequent frame is acloser match to the set of attributes; and providing, by the processingdevice, a display field comprising the data of the one of the one ormore identified text regions for presentation in a user interface. 2.The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving, via the userinterface, a confirmation indicating that the data of the one of the oneor more identified text regions in the display field matches the datafield of the physical document; and storing the data of the one of theone or more identified text regions in a data store.
 3. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the data of each of the one or more identified textregions comprises a text data and attribute values, and whereinprocessing each of the one or more identified text regions comprises:determining the text data of each of the one or more identified textregions using optical character recognition (OCR); determining theattribute values of the set of attributes for the text data of each ofthe one or more identified text regions in the selected frame;determining an attribute weight for each attribute value; determining atotal attribute weight for each set of attribute values, wherein thetotal attribute weight comprises a sum of the attribute weights for eachset of attribute values; selecting the one of the one or more identifiedtext regions whose data is associated with the largest total attributeweight; storing the data of the one of the one or more text regions as acandidate for the closest match; and storing data of each additionaltext region of the one or more identified text regions.
 4. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the data of the one of the one or more identified textregions is the closest match to the set of attributes associated withthe data field.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the data ofthe one of the one or more identified text regions with the data of theone or more text regions of the subsequent frame comprises: selectingthe subsequent frame from the video stream; identifying the one or moretext regions in the subsequent frame; for each of the one or more textregions of the subsequent frame, determining a total attribute weightfor a set of attributes associated with the each of the one or more textregions of the subsequent frame; and comparing the total attributeweight for the each of the one or more text regions of the subsequentframe with a total attribute weight for the one of the one or moreidentified text regions of the selected frame.
 6. The method of claim 1,wherein updating the data of the one of one or more identified textregions comprises: for each of the one or more text regions of thesubsequent frame, determining that a value of a total attribute weightfor one of the one or more text regions of the subsequent frame isgreater than a value of a total attribute weight for the one of the oneor more identified text regions of the selected frame; replacing thedata of the one of the one or more identified text regions of theselected frame with data of the one of the one or more text regions ofthe subsequent frame; and storing the data of the one of the one or moretext regions of the subsequent frame in the data store.
 7. The method ofclaim 1 further comprises comparing the data of the one or moreidentified text regions of the selected frame with data of one or morerespective text regions of the subsequent frame.
 8. The method of claim7, wherein comparing the data of the one or more identified text regionsof the selected frame with the data of the one or more respective textregions of the subsequent frame comprises: selecting the subsequentframe from the video stream; identifying the one or more respective textregions of the subsequent frame; for each of the one or more respectivetext regions, determining a total attribute weight for a set ofattributes associated with the each of the one or more respective textregions; and comparing the total attribute weight for the each of theone or more respective text regions of the subsequent frame with a totalattribute weight for a corresponding one of the one or more identifiedtext regions of the selected frame.
 9. The method of claim 8, whereinidentifying the one or more respective text regions of the subsequentframe comprises: determining an offset between the selected frame andthe subsequent frame using a gyroscope; and for each of the one or moreidentified text regions, calculating coordinates of a corresponding oneof the one or more respective text regions using the offset andcoordinates of the each of the one or more identified text regions. 10.The method of claim 7 further comprising updating data of additional oneor more of the one or more identified text regions comprising: for theadditional one or more of the one or more identified text regions,determining that a value of a total attribute weight for a correspondingone of the one or more respective text regions is greater than a valueof a total attribute weight for the corresponding one of the one or moreidentified text regions; replacing data of the additional one or more ofthe one or more identified text regions with data of the correspondingone of the one or more respective text regions; and storing the data ofthe corresponding one of the one or more respective text regions in thedata store.
 11. The method of claim 1 further comprising invoking theuser interface on a mobile phone to assist a user with identifying thedata field in the physical document.
 12. A computing apparatuscomprising: a memory to store instructions; and a processing device,operatively coupled to the memory, to execute the instructions, whereinthe processing device is to: receive information for an identificationof a data field in a physical document; receive a video streamcomprising a plurality of frames, wherein each frame comprises a portionof the physical document; select a frame from the plurality of frames inthe video stream; identify one or more text regions in the selectedframe; process each of the one or more identified text regions of theselected frame to determine data of each of the one or more identifiedtext regions of the selected frame, and to select data of one of the oneor more identified text regions that corresponds to a set of attributesassociated with the data field; compare the data of the one of the oneor more identified text regions of the selected frame with data of oneor more text regions of a subsequent frame; update the data of the oneof the one or more identified text regions of the selected frame if thedata of the one or more text regions of the subsequent frame is a closermatch to the set of attributes; and provide a display field comprisingthe data of the one of the one or more identified text regions forpresentation in a user interface.
 13. The apparatus of claim 12, whereinthe processing device is further to: receive, via the user interface, aconfirmation indicating that the data of the one of the one or moreidentified text regions in the display field matches the data field ofthe physical document; and store the data of the one of the one or moreidentified text regions in a data store.
 14. The apparatus of claim 12,wherein the data of each of the one or more identified text regionscomprises a text data and attribute values, and wherein the processingdevice is to process each of the one or more identified text regions by:determining the text data of each of the one or more identified textregions using optical character recognition (OCR); determining theattribute values of the set of attributes for the text data of each ofthe one or more identified text regions in the selected frame;determining an attribute weight for each attribute value; determining atotal attribute weight for each set of attribute values, wherein thetotal attribute weight comprises a sum of the attribute weights for eachset of attribute values; selecting the one of the one or more identifiedtext regions whose data is associated with the largest total attributeweight; storing the data of the one of the one or more text regions as acandidate for the closest match; and storing data of each additionaltext region of the one or more identified text regions.
 15. Theapparatus of claim 12, wherein the data of the one of the one or moreidentified text regions is the closest match to the set of attributesassociated with the data field.
 16. The apparatus of claim 12, whereinthe processing device is to compare the data of the one of the one ormore identified text regions with the data of the one or more textregions of the subsequent frame by: selecting the subsequent frame fromthe video stream; identifying the one or more text regions in thesubsequent frame; for each of the one or more text regions of thesubsequent frame, determining a total attribute weight for a set ofattributes associated with the each of the one or more text regions ofthe subsequent frame; and comparing the total attribute weight for theeach of the one or more text regions of the subsequent frame with atotal attribute weight for the one of the one or more identified textregions of the selected frame.
 17. The apparatus of claim 12, whereinthe processing device is to update the data of the one of one or moreidentified text regions by: for each of the one or more text regions ofthe subsequent frame, determining that a value of a total attributeweight for one of the one or more text regions of the subsequent frameis greater than a value of a total attribute weight for the one of theone or more identified text regions of the selected frame; replacing thedata of the one of the one or more identified text regions of theselected frame with data of the one of the one or more text regions ofthe subsequent frame; and storing the data of the one of the one or moretext regions of the subsequent frame in the data store.
 18. Theapparatus of claim 12, wherein the processing device is to invoke theuser interface on a mobile phone to assist a user with identifying thedata field in the physical document.
 19. A non-transitory computerreadable storage medium, having instructions stored therein, which whenexecuted by a processing device of a computer system, cause theprocessing device to perform operations comprising: receiving, by theprocessing device, information for an identification of a data field ina physical document; receiving, by the processing device, a video streamcomprising a plurality of frames, wherein each frame comprises a portionof the physical document; selecting, by the processing device, a framefrom the plurality of frames in the video stream; identifying, by theprocessing device, one or more text regions in the selected frame;processing, by the processing device, each of the one or more identifiedtext regions of the selected frame to determine data of each of the oneor more identified text regions of the selected frame, and to selectdata of one of the one or more identified text regions that correspondsto a set of attributes associated with the data field; comparing, by theprocessing device, the data of the one of the one or more identifiedtext regions of the selected frame with data of one or more text regionsof a subsequent frame; updating, by the processing device, the data ofthe one of the one or more identified text regions of the selected frameif the data of the one or more text regions of the subsequent frame is acloser match to the set of attributes; and providing, by the processingdevice, a display field comprising the data of the one of the one ormore identified text regions for presentation in a user interface. 20.The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, whereindata of each of the one or more identified text regions comprises a textdata and attribute values, and wherein processing each of the one ormore identified text regions comprises: determining the text data ofeach of the one or more identified text regions using optical characterrecognition (OCR); determining the attribute values of the set ofattributes for the text data of each of the one or more identified textregions in the selected frame; determining an attribute weight for eachattribute value; determining a total attribute weight for each set ofattribute values, wherein the total attribute weight comprises a sum ofthe attribute weights for each set of attribute values; selecting theone of the one or more identified text regions whose data is associatedwith the largest total attribute weight; storing the data of the one ofthe one or more text regions as a candidate for the closest match; andstoring data of each additional text region of the one or moreidentified text regions.